Main Reason Research Articles

Discovery of Novel Inhibitors of Cruzain Cysteine Protease of Trypanosoma cruz.

Chagas disease (CD) is a parasitic disease endemic in several developing countries. According to the World Health Organization, approximately 6-8 million people worldwide are inflicted by CD. The scarcity of new drugs, mainly for the chronic phase, is the main reason for treatment limitation in CD. Therefore, there is an urgent need to discover new targets for which new therapeutical agents could be developed. Cruzain cysteine protease (CCP) is a promising alternative because this enzyme exhibits pleiotropic effects by acting as a virulence factor, modulating host immune cells, and interacting with host cells. This systematic review was conducted to discover new compounds that act as cruzain inhibitors, and their effects in vitro were studied through enzymatic assays and molecular docking. Additionally, the advances and perspectives of these inhibitors are discussed. These findings are expected to contribute to medicinal chemistry in view of the design of new, safe, and efficacious inhibitors against Trypanosoma cruzi CCP detected in the last decade (2013-2022) to provide scaffolds for further optimization, aiming toward the discovery of new drugs.

Intentional water and tired wood: exploring causes for primary teachers’ reference to intuitive construals in science education

ABSTRACT Research reveals that teachers regularly refer to intuitive construals (IC) in formal science education. Only a few studies, however, have investigated why teachers refer to them. Alarmingly, these studies suggest didactic consideration is not the main reason for this. Instead, teachers introduce IC unintentionally or due to a lack of expertise. A possible explanation for an unconsidered reference to IC – a part of lack of expertise – is that teachers spontaneously align their language with the students’ perspective as a form of implicit didactisation. We asked fifty prospective primary teachers to explain a basic scientific phenomenon of inanimate nature to fictitious recipients of varying expertise (a science expert and a student). We reasoned that if lack of knowledge was the reason for using IC, explanations should be equally intuitive for all addressees. If spontaneous language didactisation is the reason, only the explanations for students should contain intuitive elements. Results show that the majority of participants use IC exclusively when addressing students and not when addressing experts. In a substantial minority, however, lack of knowledge is a more likely cause. We conclude that there might be a tendency towards language didactisation even outside didactic professional knowledge. Implications for teacher training are discussed.

Few-Shot Object Detection With Self-Supervising and Cooperative Classifier.

Few-shot object detection (FSOD), which detects novel objects with only a few training instances, has recently attracted more attention. Previous works focus on making the most use of label information of objects. Still, they fail to consider the structural and semantic information of the image itself and solve the misclassification between data-abundant base classes and data-scarce novel classes efficiently. In this article, we propose FSOD with Self-Supervising and Cooperative Classifier ( [Formula: see text]) approach to deal with those concerns. Specifically, we analyze the underlying performance degradation of novel classes in FSOD and discover that false-positive samples are the main reason. By looking into these false-positive samples, we further notice that misclassifying novel classes as base classes are the main cause. Thus, we introduce double RoI heads into the existing Fast-RCNN to learn more specific features for novel classes. We also consider using self-supervised learning (SSL) to learn more structural and semantic information. Finally, we propose a cooperative classifier (CC) with the base-novel regularization to maximize the interclass variance between base and novel classes. In the experiment, [Formula: see text] outperforms all the latest baselines in most cases on PASCAL VOC and COCO.

Artywistka i hejterzy

The purpose of this article is to analyze Maja Staśko’s book Polski hejt [Polish Hate] as an example of artivism (situated on the borderline between art and activism). The text shows how Staśko reveals the scale and nature of the hate she encounters every day on the internet, and evokes in the reader an affective reaction towards the haters. The article pays particular attention to the kind of amorous investment that the haters display toward the subject being hated on – this becomes the main reason for Staśko’s production of the affect of revulsion and labeling her haters with it. Key-words: Maja Staśko, hate, artivism, feminism

An Appraisal that Religion on its Own Does Not Breed Violence

It will be rare to have a discussion on human existence without mentioning violence; but it will be unfair to see religion as the main reason for violence. Although, religion has an input in violence, but religion in isolation can’t breed violence without the input of some other factors which are further explain in this article. This article adopted qualitative method and secondary data. The secondary data was collected through website, publications, journals and textbooks. The data collected through secondary data reveals that religion on its own does not breed violence but it is a component of violence that can be aided by poverty, inequality, bad governance among other factors.

Progress in Biomarkers Related to Biliary Atresia.

Biliary atresia (BA) is a congenital cholestatic disease that can seriously damage children's liver function. It is one of the main reasons for liver transplantation in children. Early diagnosis of BA is crucial to the prognosis of patients, but there is still a lack of reliable non-invasive diagnostic methods. Additionally, as some children are in urgent need of liver transplantation, evaluating the stage of liver fibrosis and postoperative native liver survival in children with BA using a straightforward, efficient, and less traumatic method is a major focus of doctors. In recent years, an increasing number of BA-related biomarkers have been identified and have shown great potential in the following three aspects of clinical practice: diagnosis, evaluation of the stage of liver fibrosis, and prediction of native liver survival. This review focuses on the pathophysiological function and clinical application of three novel BA-related biomarkers, namely MMP-7, FGF-19, and M2BPGi. Furthermore, progress in well-known biomarkers of BA such as gamma-glutamyltransferase, circulating cytokines, and other potential biomarkers is discussed, aiming to provide a reference for clinical practice.

In-depth analysis to develop a social marketing model to promote women's participation in waste segregation behaviour: A qualitative study

Waste separation is one of the key factors in managing solid waste and creating a healthy environment. Waste separation at source has always been associated with challenges. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the perceptions of housewives and related parties regarding the factors that influence waste separation behaviour and to identify approaches to improve behaviour based on the social marketing framework. This study was conducted as a qualitative content analysis in Amol City in 2022. The data was collected through semi-structured individual interviews. A total of 25 housewives were selected as main participants and 5 stakeholders through purposive selection. The results of the study included lack of awareness of recyclable materials (product), personal, family and environmental barriers (price), lack of doorstep collection of dry waste (place), and lack of use of appropriate technology (promotion). The lack of financial resources, inappropriate political measures and the coronavirus pandemic were also the causes of this challenge. Most participants cited environmental and educational deficits as the main reason for not separating waste. It is possible to improve waste sorting behaviour at source through appropriate behavioural interventions at the individual, social and environmental levels. Researchers can use the results of this study to design, implement and evaluate waste segregation intervention programmes for housewives.

Demystifying the likelihood of reidentification in neuroimaging data: A technical and regulatory analysis

Abstract Sharing research data has been widely promoted in the field of neuroimaging and has enhanced the rigor and reproducibility of neuroimaging studies. Yet the emergence of novel software tools and algorithms, such as face recognition, has raised concerns due to their potential to reidentify defaced neuroimaging data that are thought to have been deidentified. Despite the surge of privacy concerns, however, the risk of reidentification via these tools and algorithms has not yet been examined outside the limited settings for demonstration purposes. There is also a pressing need to carefully analyze regulatory implications of this new reidentification attack because concerns about the anonymity of data are the main reason that researchers think they are legally constrained from sharing their data. This study aims to tackle these gaps through rigorous technical and regulatory analyses. Using a simulation analysis, we first tested the generalizability of the matching accuracies in defaced neuroimaging data reported in a recent face recognition study (Schwarz et al., 2021). The results showed that the real-world likelihood of reidentification in defaced neuroimaging data via face recognition would be substantially lower than that reported in the previous studies. Next, by taking a US jurisdiction as a case study, we analyzed whether the novel reidentification threat posed by face recognition would place defaced neuroimaging data out of compliance under the current regulatory regime. Our analysis suggests that defaced neuroimaging data using existing tools would still meet the regulatory requirements for data deidentification. A brief comparison with the EU’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) was also provided. Then, we examined the implication of NIH’s new Data Management and Sharing Policy on the current practice of neuroimaging data sharing based on the results of our simulation and regulatory analyses. Finally, we discussed future directions of open data sharing in neuroimaging.

Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding the Vaccination of Brazilian Immigrants in Portugal: Risks When Returning to Their Country of Origin?

Vaccination is one of the main advancements in public health in the prophylaxis of infectious diseases. We intend to describe the general knowledge about vaccines/vaccination among Brazilian immigrants in Portugal, characterize their attitudes toward vaccination, and describe their knowledge of the yellow fever (YF) vaccine. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-completion questionnaire (face-to-face or remote). A total of 542 people participated in the study; the mean age was 36.81 years; 40.1% were male; 44.8% had their 12th year of schooling; and 27.0% had resided for ≥10 years in Portugal. Regarding general knowledge about vaccination, 53.8% answered at least 6/8 questions correctly. A total of 37.1% tended to have a favorable attitude toward vaccination. Concerning traveling, 76.7% attributed the risk of disease at the destination as the main reason for accepting vaccines. A total of 89.3% knew that there was a risk of YF in Brazil. A total of 40% answered correctly only one question about the YF vaccine; 21.6% did not answer any questions correctly. Thus, most of the Brazilian immigrants in this study have high general knowledge about vaccines/vaccination, few have a favorable attitude, and their knowledge about the YF vaccine is scarce. This could limit vaccination adherence when visiting Brazil, making health education actions necessary to increase knowledge and prevent YF risks.

Enhancing anticorrosive performance of epoxy‐based ZnO nanocomposite coatings via 3‐(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate modification

AbstractThe influence of 3‐(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (TMSPM) on the properties of epoxy‐based ZnO nanocomposite coatings was investigated, considering its impact on both modified ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) and epoxy resin matrix. FTIR analysis revealed that TMSPM‐modified epoxy resin (mEP) exhibited lower hydroxyl group and epoxy group content compared to the initial epoxy resin (EP). Furthermore, the obtained results demonstrated that epoxy‐based coatings incorporating modified ZnO NPs (m‐ZnO NPs) displayed superior mechanical properties compared to those of the sample filled with the unmodified ZnO NPs (u‐ZnO NPs). However, the mechanical properties of epoxy‐based coatings loaded with m‐ZnO NPs were found to be lower than those of coatings comprising mEP resin and m‐ZnO NPs. The arrangement of anticorrosion performance of coatings followed a similar pattern. SEM analysis of the cross‐cut surface revealed better dispersion of m‐ZnO NPs compared to the u‐ZnO NPs, although small gaps were observed among the m‐ZnO NPs and the epoxy matrix. The SEM images of coatings based on mEP and m‐ZnO NPs indicated a tighter structure. This structural characteristic is considered the main reason for the highest anticorrosion performance observed in the investigated coatings incorporating both mEP and m‐ZnO NPs.

A multi-constituent model for assessing the effect of impeller shroud on the thrombosis potential of a centrifugal blood pump.

Centrifugal blood pumps can be used for treating heart failure patients. However, pump thrombosis has remained one of the complications that trouble clinical treatment. This study analyzed the effect of impeller shroud on the thrombosis risk of the blood pump, and predicted areas prone to thrombosis. Multi-constituent transport equations were presented, considering mechanical activation and biochemical activation. It was found that activated platelets concentration can increase with shear stress and adenosine diphosphate(ADP) concentration increasing, and the highest risk of thrombosis inside the blood pump was under extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) mode. Under the same condition, ADP concentration and thrombosis index of semi-shroud impeller can increase by 7.3% and 7.2% compared to the closed-shroud impeller. The main reason for the increase in thrombosis risk was owing to elevated scalar shear stress and more coagulation promoting factor-ADP released. The regions with higher thrombosis potential were in the center hole, top and bottom clearance. As a novelty, the findings revealed that impeller shroud can influence mechanical and biochemical activation factors. It is useful for identifying potential risk regions of thrombus formation based on relative comparisons.

Comparison of non-COVID-19 critically ill patients between pre-pandemic and pandemic period admitted from emergency department to internal medicine intensive care unit

Aim: During the COVID-19 pandemic, a large number of intensive care unit beds have been organized for critically ill COVID-19 patients. However, the need for intensive care for non-COVID-19 critical patients continues. In our study, we aimed to compare non-COVID-19 critically ill patients admitted to the internal medicine intensive care unit from the emergency department before and during the pandemic period.
 Materials and Methods: Patients who were admitted to the internal medicine intensive care unit from the emergency department were grouped as pre-pandemic (March 2018-March 2020) and during the pandemic (March 2020-March 2022) and compared retrospectively in terms of the number of hospitalisations, demographic characteristics, length of intensive care unit stay and mortality.
 Results: The number of emergency department patient admissions other than surgical reasons was 579.657 during the study period. 63.33 % of these patients were admitted before the pandemic and 36.67% during the pandemic period. The number of patients included in our study was 493 before the pandemic and 460 during the pandemic period. Median age was 61 (30) in the pre-pandemic period and 64 (26.8) in the pandemic period, p=0.022. There was no significant difference in terms of comorbidities. The main reason for hospitalisation was similar and sepsis was the leading reason for hospitalisation. The frequency of acute renal failure in intensive care unit was significantly higher during the pandemic period. Mortality was 25.2% before the pandemic and 24.3% during the pandemic period, p=0.760.
 Conclusion: Although emergency department admissions decreased, the number of non-COVID-19 internal medicine intensive care unit hospitalisations did not decrease. This situation reveals the importance of organising intensive care beds for hospitalisation for non-COVID-19 reasons in order not to disrupt health services during the pandemic period.

Microscopic insights into the long-term ageing mechanism of asphalt in the hygrothermal environments

The humid, thermal, and oxidative environments cause the synergistic degradation of asphalt materials. To reveal the long-term ageing mechanism of asphalt in the hygrothermal environments, base asphalt (BA) and styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) modified asphalt (SMA) were selected to prepare the short-term, long-term, and hygrothermal-aged samples. Then the changes in micromorphology, molecular weight distribution, chemical compositions, and microstructures of each aged asphalt sample were characterized. The results indicate that the soaking duration is determined as 32 h for preparing the hygrothermal-aged asphalt sample. The moisture diffusion causes physical damage to asphalt, forming circular micro holes on the asphalt surface, which is the main reason to accelerate asphalt ageing. The ambient water and air can easily permeate into asphalt, further accelerating asphalt ageing. Additionally, the small and medium molecular components in the hygrothermal-aged BA are decreased, while the large molecular components become more. Meanwhile, the molecular weight distribution of SMA is relatively concentrated after hygrothermal ageing, and the SBS modifier is degraded from supermolecules to macromolecules. Further, no new chemical compositions are produced after hydrothermal ageing of BA and SMA. The hygrothermal ageing accelerates the oxidation of thioethers and unsaturated carbon bonds to convert into sulfoxide and carbonyl groups. Finally, the hygrothermal ageing destroys asphalt components, and the number of Catana phases on the BA surface is lowered. The Catana phases on the SMA surface were seriously damaged and almost disappeared in asphalt components. The surface elevations of BA and SMA are increased after hygrothermal ageing, but the surface roughness is decreased. This study provides the microscopic insight into the long-term ageing mechanism of asphalt in the hygrothermal environments.

Engineering a PtCu Alloy to Improve N2 Selectivity of NH3-SCO over the Pt/SSZ-13 Catalyst.

Improving the N2 selectivity is always a great challenge for the selective catalytic oxidation of ammonia (NH3-SCO) over noble-metal-based (especially Pt) catalysts. In this work, Cu as an efficient promoter was introduced into the Pt/SSZ-13 catalyst to significantly improve the N2 selectivity of the NH3-SCO reaction. A PtCu alloy was formed in the PtCu/SSZ-13 catalyst, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry mapping, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy results. As indicated by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, the Pt species in the alloyed PtCu nanoparticle was mainly present in the electron-rich state on PtCu/SSZ-13, while the electron-deficient Cu and isolated Cu2+ species were both present on the surface of PtCu/SSZ-13. Due to such a unique alloyed structure with an altered oxidation state, the N2 selectivity of NH3-SCO on the PtCu/SSZ-13 catalyst was remarkably improved, while the NH3-SCO activity was kept comparable to that on Pt/SSZ-13. The reaction path was changed from the NH mechanism on Pt/SSZ-13 to both NH and internal selective catalytic reduction mechanisms on the PtCu/SSZ-13 catalyst, which was considered the main reason for the enhanced N2 selectivity. This work provides a new route to synthesize efficient alloy catalysts for optimizing the N2 selectivity of NH3-SCO for NH3 slip control in diesel exhaust purification.

Kahramanmaraş İlinde Tarımsal Mekanizasyon Düzeyinin İlçelere Göre Poisson Regresyon ile Belirlenmesi

In this study, agricultural mechanization level indicators of the districts of Kahramanmaraş between the years 2012-2021 were calculated. A model has been established for this. While the dependent variable in the model is the agricultural areas planted in the districts according to the years, the independent variables are the number of tractors in the districts according to the years and other determined tools, equipment and machines. Poisson regression test was used, there was 25.022 chi-square probability relationship between the planted agricultural areas in Kahramanmaraş districts between 2012 and 2021, with the number of tractors in the districts and other determined equipment by years. At the level of agricultural mechanization, it was determined that there was a 3.32 decrease in the average number of tractors per 1000 hectares of land in Kahramanmaraş districts between 2012 and 2021, and a decrease of 12.45 in the number of specific equipment per tractor over the years. Among this decrease, it was thought that reasons such as climate change, input costs and job change were among the main reasons for leaving agriculture. In the comparison made from 2012 to 2021, the number of tractors in all districts increased by 54.18%, while the number of tractor equipment was also observed. An increase of 46.11% was observed. In addition, as a result of the trend analysis value applied, it was concluded that the average absolute percentage errors in the districts were 4.10443, the average number of tractors per 1000 hectares by years, and the number of specific equipment per tractor in the districts according to the years was 1.96718, which is a good estimation.

I'm Great! I'm no good….: A case illustration of drama therapeutic work with a male offender of domestic violence in a forensic outpatient setting.

Treating perpetrators of aggressive behavior, like verbal aggression, intimidation, and bullying behavior resulting in aggressive incidents with others, is difficult. This group is often diagnosed with personality disorders and when legal measures applied, they are more often treated in a forensic setting for their problems. This article presents the case of a 54-year-old man, diagnosed with Borderline personality disorder, narcissistic and antisocial traits, mild depressive symptoms, and loss and grief, who has voluntarily had treatment in a forensic outpatient center to reduce aggression and change destructive patterns in relationships. Hating, judging, and self-defeating were the main reasons why the patient found himself ending up in the same situation repeatedly. The client received individual drama therapy sessions. The drama therapeutic approach included schema therapeutic elements, such as schema mode work with cards, as well as roleplay, imagery (with rescripting), improvisation, and psycho drama elements. As a result of drama therapy, the client reported less (active) aggression, less aggression in his relationships (partners/children/friends), but also an increased level of loneliness, and mild depressive symptoms. The client was more in touch with his vulnerability and was able to behave in a more adequate healthy way in relationships. Although self-esteem was still building up, there was a decrease of aggression and less conflict-seeking behavior as a result. Risk assessment tools (FARE-2& HONOS) and Schema therapy scales (YSQ and SMI) were used pre- and posttreatment confirming the improvements. This case promotes the use of dramatherapy in forensic outpatient care to be valuable in lowering risk recidivism and changing deeply rooted behavioral patterns.

Drought decreases cotton fiber strength by altering sucrose flow route.

The potential mechanisms by which drought restricts cotton fiber cell wall synthesis and fiber strength formation are still not fully understood. Herein, drought experiments were conducted using two upland cotton cultivars of Dexiamian 1 (drought-tolerant) and Yuzaomian 9110 (drought-sensitive). Results showed that drought notably reduced sucrose efflux from cottonseed coats to fibers by down-regulating the expression of GhSWEET10 and GhSWEET15 in outer cottonseed coats, leading to promoted sucrose accumulation in cottonseed coats but decreased sucrose accumulation in fibers. Within cotton fibers, drought restricted the hydrolysis from sucrose to UDPG by suppressing sucrose synthase activity, and drought favored the conversion of UDPG to β-1, 3-glucan rather than cellulose by up-regulating GhCALS5. Hence, cellulose content was reduced, which was the main reason for the decreased fiber strength under drought. Moreover, drought promoted lignin synthesis by up-regulating the expression of Gh4CL4, GhPAL9, GhCCR5, GhCAD11, and GhOMT6, which partly offset the negative influence of reduced cellulose content on fiber strength. Compared with Yuzaomian 9110, the drought-tolerance of Dexiamian 1 was evidenced in the following ways: (1) slighter blocked sucrose flow from seedcoat to fiber, (2) less β-1, 3-glucan accumulation, and (3) more lignin biosynthesis under drought. Overall, this study provides new insights into the mechanism of drought impacting cotton fiber strength formation.

The future of healthcare: green transformational leadership and GHRM’s role in sustainable performance

PurposeOrganizations have increasingly been compelled to engage in ecological businesses in recent decades, necessitating identifying environmental practices contributing to enhanced sustainability. One of the main reasons for doing this research is to see how far down the path to green transformational leadership (GTFL) in Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) practices in the healthcare industry in Pakistan. Additionally, this research aims to analyze how this change affects the long-term success of businesses in sustainable performance (SP).Design/methodology/approachTo identify factors related to the study variables, the research utilized master journals, as well as the Web of Science and Scopus databases. The ISM-DEMATEL (Interpretive Structural Modeling - Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory) technique was employed to establish a hierarchical model. This model facilitated the identification of cause-and-effect relationships among factors, which were further elucidated using the DEMATEL interrelationship diagram.FindingsThe analysis of the results indicates that Green Training (F4), Green Job Analysis (F1), Intellectual Stimulation (F10), and Green Product Innovation (F9) are the primary factors that have a significant impact on achieving Environmental Policies and Regulations (F13), and Subjective Environment Norms (F14) of SP factors.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is implemented in the healthcare industry of Pakistan, with a focus on practical and managerial aspects. It encourages managers to develop and adapt their human resources policies and environmental strategies. Implementing safety health standards is crucial to mitigate the detrimental effects on the environment. The research was carried out during the period of the pandemic. The scope of this study was restricted to the healthcare industry in Pakistan.Originality/valueIn order to improve SP, this study presents a unique strategy combining sustainability into decision-making procedures with the function of GTFL in GHRM. Implementing safety health standards is crucial to mitigate the detrimental effects on the environment.

Applying a Three-Tier Approach to Address Gaps in Oral Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Uptake and Continuity in Uganda: A Mixed Methods Approach.

We describe a 3-tier approach involving a gap analysis, root cause analysis, and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) collaborative to understand the gap and identify and address the main barriers to oral PrEP uptake and continuity in Uganda. We used a mixed methods design with retrospective, cross-sectional, and prospective components. The gap analysis involved descriptive analysis of PrEP uptake and continuity. The RCA identified the main barriers to initiation and continuity on PrEP among 1,334 clients who declined to start PrEP and 1,266 who missed their appointment but were at risk. The PrEP collaborative tested changes mapped onto specific barriers to optimize the PrEP clinical service delivery. A trend analysis of routinely collected data of the PrEP cascade determined significant shifts and trends in PrEP uptake and continuity. Only 60% of the high-risk population eligible for PrEP were enrolled, while fewer than 30% of the cumulative number of PrEP users were refilled each quarter. Uncertainty and fear of side effects, perceptions about the harmfulness of the medication, perceived inability to adhere to PrEP, and stigma were the main reasons why clients rejected PrEP. Lack of access to the facility, side effects, pill burden, stigma, perceived low-risk exposure to HIV, and preference of staying at work as opposed to picking up refills affected continuity on PrEP. The collaborative registered statistically significant shifts in PrEP enrollment from 64% to 89% and continuity from 51% to 78% between July 21 and November 22 following the collaborative intervention. We recommend using a 3-tier approach for other similar implementation contexts to strengthen PrEP programming, given the marked statistical shift in PrEP uptake and continuity. This begins with understanding the gap and barriers to use among clients, followed by mapping interventions to specific barriers through a quality improvement collaborative.

Study on Relay Contact Bounce Based on the Adaptive Weight Rotation Template Matching Algorithm

In order to analyze the relay action process from an imaging perspective and further investigate the bounce phenomenon of relay contacts during the contact process, this paper utilizes a high-speed shooting platform to capture images of relay action. In light of the situation where the stationary contact in the image is inclined and continuously changing, a rotation template matching algorithm based on adaptive weight is proposed. The algorithm identifies and obtains the inclination angle of the stationary contact, enabling the study of the relay contact bounce process. By extracting contact bounce distance data from the images, a bounce process curve is plotted. Combined with the analysis of the contact bounce process, the reasons for the bounce are explored. The results indicate that the proposed rotation template matching algorithm can accurately identify stationary contacts and their angles at different angles. By analyzing the contact status and bounce process of the relay contacts in conjunction with the relay structure, parameters such as the bounce time, bounce height, and time required to reach the maximum distance can be calculated. Additionally, the main reason for contact bounce in the relay studied in this paper is the limitation imposed on the continued movement of the stationary contact by the presence of the relay brackets when the kinetic energy of the contact is too high. This phenomenon occurs during the first vibration peak in the vibration process after the moving contact contacts the stationary contact. The research results provide a reference for further studying the relay contact bounce process, optimizing relay structure, and suppressing contact bounce.